Presents archaeological evidence concerning settlement history and material culture in Tuscany between the late Roman Empire and the Romanesque period (5th-11th cs.). Discusses urban decay and building technology in Florence and other towns, noting evidence of the disintegration of the Roman city, disorderly redistribution of urban features, and a significant layer of black soil between the Roman and Romanesque levels. Reports that the archaeology of rural settlement reveals an extraordinary transformation of the entire arrangement of the countryside. Examines changes in technology and production, especially with respect to pottery and iron, finding that these and other crafts suffered breakdown and dispersal into small-scale quasi-domestic industries.
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