Notes that in the Middle Ages and through the 15th c. hospitals had no particular connection to medicine or nursing care; instead they served as shelters or hostels, and they were generally small, averaging 25 beds. Comments on the impact of the Portuguese discoveries, and on the centralization and secularization of hospital services reflected in the founding of the Hospital de Todos-os-Santos in Lisbon (1492). Includes an annotated list of 63 hospitals, two leprosariums, and eight other charitable institutions.
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