Criticizes formalist and relativist approaches to the study of aesthetics: formalism for its neglect of contextual factors, and relativism for its inability to incorporate the object of aesthetic attention. Proposes as an alternative the development of a psychological theory of responses to works of art that draws upon the "Principle of Empathy," itself construed in terms of the personification of objects. Takes Clive Bell's writings as an example of formalist thought, and Marcuse's as exemplary of relativism.
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