Interest in landscape has led a small group of French sociologists to a renewed interest in social culture. Starting from inquiries into social differentiation mechanisms related to uses of landscape, they have moved into studies of landscape production. The creation of culture appears as a process of exchange. Culture is born from social action. Landscape representations (including paintings and landscape architecture) are part of this cultural change process. They cannot be isolated; their local fine-tuning and expansion is challenged in various ways by other social representations of nature. Nevertheless, empirical observations of social change have shown that aesthetic traditions of visual landscape appreciation can be transformed by the social groups who compete for the control of historicity in a place.
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