Reaction to an article by R. van Answaarden in Jaarboek van het Genootschap Amstelodamum, 1992, 84. Argues that the oldest city seal of Amsterdam was established between 1317 and 1338, and that its substitution by a secret seal and a seal "ad causas" in the early 15th c. does not reflect a separation according to competence between administrative and judicial power.
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