In the second half of the 19th c., the three Muscovite collectors established noteworthy collections of modern European painting. In doing so, they contributed to the shift in focus from Sankt-Peterburg, which had dominated the artistic life of Russia since the time of Peter the Great, to Moscow, which assumed an increasing cultural importance from the 1860s onwards. At the same time, in concentrating on European painting, the three collectors re-established interest in western art, which had been dismissed in favor of Russian art after the nationalistic orientation characteristic of the mid-19th c.
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