This essay is concerned with the ways in which medieval writers and artists allegorically depicted the imagined conflict between Carnival and Lent - a metaphorical contrast and idea prominent in medieval culture and often appropriated by modern critics writing about the Middle Ages. In a critical context the use of this imagery tends towards a rigid reductiveness sharply at odds with the richly complex and varied ways in which it appears in late medieval art and literature. To illustrate this point, provides a selective survey that addresses literary and dramatic texts, and Pieter Bruegel's painting The Battle Between Carnival and Lent (1559; Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum). Suggests that modern analysts of medieval culture have been too ready to accept this metaphorical dichotomy as a self-sufficient account of the medieval world, and too slow to acknowledge the sophistication and self-consciousness with which medieval writers and artists themselves employed it.
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